Interactive tool
Build & Score Your Privacy Stack
Build a personalized privacy stack by weighting audits, jurisdiction, open source, anonymity, price, and usability across 18 ranked tools.
Your recommended stack
VPN
Mullvad
Sweden. Anonymous account numbers (no email at signup), cash and Monero accepted, flat €5/mo, repeat independent audits, passed a 2023 server-seizure test.
- Audit recency
- 1 year
- Independent audits
- 3
- Eyes alliance
- 14-Eyes
- Open source
- partial
- Anonymous signup
- yes
- Anonymous payment
- yes
- Usability
- 4/5
Proton VPN
Switzerland. All clients open-source and reproducibly built, independently audited, genuinely usable no-data-limit free tier. Email required at signup.
- Audit recency
- 1 year
- Independent audits
- 3
- Eyes alliance
- none
- Open source
- yes
- Anonymous signup
- no
- Anonymous payment
- yes
- Usability
- 4/5
IVPN
Gibraltar. Anonymous account IDs (no email), open-source clients, audited no-logs policy, multi-hop and AntiTracker. Smaller server network.
- Audit recency
- 2 years
- Independent audits
- 2
- Eyes alliance
- none
- Open source
- yes
- Anonymous signup
- yes
- Anonymous payment
- yes
- Usability
- 3/5
NordVPN
Panama. Multiple Deloitte no-log audits, largest server network, strong streaming. Closed-source apps; email required; promotional pricing.
- Audit recency
- 1 year
- Independent audits
- 3
- Eyes alliance
- none
- Open source
- no
- Anonymous signup
- no
- Anonymous payment
- yes
- Usability
- 4/5
Password Manager
Bitwarden
Fully open-source client and server, zero-knowledge, self-hostable. Genuinely excellent free tier; $10/yr Premium. US-based.
- Audit recency
- 1 year
- Independent audits
- 3
- Eyes alliance
- 5-Eyes
- Open source
- yes
- Anonymous signup
- no
- Anonymous payment
- no
- Usability
- 4/5
1Password
Best-in-class UX, Secret Key model adds remote-attack resistance, Cure53-audited. Closed-source clients; no meaningful free tier ($36/yr).
- Audit recency
- 1 year
- Independent audits
- 2
- Eyes alliance
- 5-Eyes
- Open source
- no
- Anonymous signup
- no
- Anonymous payment
- no
- Usability
- 5/5
KeePassXC
Local-first, fully offline, no vendor at all — maximum data minimization. Open-source. Sync and recovery are your responsibility (real friction).
- Audit recency
- 3 years
- Independent audits
- 1
- Eyes alliance
- none
- Open source
- yes
- Anonymous signup
- yes
- Anonymous payment
- yes
- Usability
- 2/5
Keeper
Zero-knowledge, enterprise-focused (compliance, RBAC, SCIM). Independently audited; primarily closed-source clients; ~$35/yr, no true free tier.
- Audit recency
- 2 years
- Independent audits
- 2
- Eyes alliance
- 5-Eyes
- Open source
- no
- Anonymous signup
- no
- Anonymous payment
- no
- Usability
- 3/5
Proton Mail
Switzerland. E2EE Proton-to-Proton, IMAP bridge for desktop clients, free tier. Partly open-source; can be compelled to log IP/metadata (not content).
- Audit recency
- 2 years
- Independent audits
- 2
- Eyes alliance
- none
- Open source
- partial
- Anonymous signup
- no
- Anonymous payment
- yes
- Usability
- 4/5
Tuta
Germany (GDPR, not Five Eyes). E2EE including subject lines and metadata, fully open-source, lowest price (~€3/mo). No IMAP bridge (own clients only).
- Audit recency
- 2 years
- Independent audits
- 1
- Eyes alliance
- 14-Eyes
- Open source
- yes
- Anonymous signup
- no
- Anonymous payment
- yes
- Usability
- 3/5
Fastmail
Australia (Five Eyes). No E2EE — privacy-respecting, subscription-funded, best-in-class spam filtering and full IMAP. Closed-source; no free tier.
- Audit recency
- 4 years
- Independent audits
- 0
- Eyes alliance
- 5-Eyes
- Open source
- no
- Anonymous signup
- no
- Anonymous payment
- no
- Usability
- 5/5
Messenger
Signal
Gold-standard Signal Protocol with forward secrecy, E2EE by default, minimal metadata (proved by 2021 subpoena), fully open-source incl. server. Phone number required.
- Audit recency
- 1 year
- Independent audits
- 2
- Eyes alliance
- 5-Eyes
- Open source
- yes
- Anonymous signup
- no
- Anonymous payment
- yes
- Usability
- 5/5
Session
No phone number or email required; onion-routed over Lokinet. Open-source. Weaker forward secrecy and less protocol maturity than Signal.
- Audit recency
- 3 years
- Independent audits
- 1
- Eyes alliance
- none
- Open source
- yes
- Anonymous signup
- yes
- Anonymous payment
- yes
- Usability
- 3/5
Telegram (Secret Chats)
Regular chats are NOT E2EE — only opt-in Secret Chats are. Custom MTProto protocol with criticized choices; closed server. Phone number required.
- Audit recency
- 4 years
- Independent audits
- 0
- Eyes alliance
- none
- Open source
- partial
- Anonymous signup
- no
- Anonymous payment
- yes
- Usability
- 4/5
Browser
Mullvad Browser
Tor Browser engine without the Tor network — strong anti-fingerprinting defaults, no telemetry, built with the Tor Project. Open-source, free, no account.
- Audit recency
- 2 years
- Independent audits
- 1
- Eyes alliance
- 14-Eyes
- Open source
- yes
- Anonymous signup
- yes
- Anonymous payment
- yes
- Usability
- 3/5
Tor Browser
Strongest anonymity (onion routing + uniform fingerprint). Open-source, free, no account. Slowest and breaks some sites — friction is the trade-off.
- Audit recency
- 1 year
- Independent audits
- 2
- Eyes alliance
- none
- Open source
- yes
- Anonymous signup
- yes
- Anonymous payment
- yes
- Usability
- 2/5
LibreWolf
Hardened Firefox fork: telemetry stripped, RFP on, uBlock Origin bundled. Open-source, free, no account. Manual updates and occasional site breakage.
- Audit recency
- 4 years
- Independent audits
- 0
- Eyes alliance
- none
- Open source
- yes
- Anonymous signup
- yes
- Anonymous payment
- yes
- Usability
- 4/5
Brave
Chromium-based with strong ad/tracker blocking out of the box and good usability. Open-source core; bundled crypto/ads features draw criticism. Free, no account.
- Audit recency
- 3 years
- Independent audits
- 1
- Eyes alliance
- 5-Eyes
- Open source
- partial
- Anonymous signup
- yes
- Anonymous payment
- yes
- Usability
- 5/5
How scoring works
Each tool gets a 0–100 sub-score per criterion: audit recency & count (more recent / more audits = higher), jurisdiction (no intelligence-sharing alliance > 14-Eyes > 9 > 5), open source (full > partial > closed), anonymity (anonymous signup + cash/crypto payment), price (a usable free tier or lower annual cost = higher), and usability (editorial day-to-day-friction rating). Your weight for each criterion (0–10) multiplies its sub-score; the weighted average is the tool's total. Change a weight and every category re-ranks immediately. The breakdown bars show exactly which criteria earned or lost each tool points under your weights.
Attribute values are sourced from this site's published reviews and provider documentation (as of 2026-05-12). “Compare to our default ranking” shows the editorial ranking from those reviews next to your personalized one.